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    You are here: Home / Parenting / Family / Sweet Baby / What is FPIES | FPIES Explained

    What is FPIES | FPIES Explained

    BY: Courtney PUBLISHED: Oct 25, 2013 36 Comments UPDATED ON: Feb 13, 2018

    This post may contain affiliate links. Please see my disclosure policy for more information.
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    WHAT IS FPIES – HOW TO GET AN FPIES DIAGNOSIS – AND WHAT TO DO NEXT

    fpies

    It was this picture, this day, that we finally realized Sweet Baby had FPIES. She was eating her usual breakfast of yogurt and banana, however this morning I added some oatmeal cereal which she never tried.

    I’m often asked, what is FPIES?  I get several emails and messages on Facebook asking about FPIES, so that is why I wrote this blog post.  If you don’t know what FPIES is, or just recently received an FPIES Diagnosis, please know you’re not alone.   

    Food Protein Induced Enterocolitis Syndrome (FPIES)

    is not your typical food allergy where you would see hives, fast reaction, anaphylaxis, these are IgE-mediated.

    FPIES is Non-IgE-mediated,

    meaning you can’t do skin/blood tests, it’s typically an internal manifestation, however, more people are saying their children also suffer some external symptoms like eczema.

    What’s the difference between FPIES and a Nut Food Allergy?  

    This is a question I’m asked all the time.  There are two types of allergies.  IgE-mediated and Non-IgE-mediated.

    Typical Food Allergy = IgE-mediated:

    • fast reactions
    • hives, eczema
    • anaphylaxis
    • internal and external manifestations
    • positive skin/blood tests

    FPIES = Non-IgE-mediated:

    • slow delayed reaction, 2-3 hours after ingestion
    • can’t test, FPIES results in negative skin prick or blood testing
    • internal manifestations
    • sometimes 7 or more days in chronic reactions
    • some experience external skin reactions

    You’ll first see FPIES manifestations when you introduce milk, soy, or even breastmilk.  It’s extremely rare for children to react through breastmilk, but it is possible, so avoidance of trigger foods in mother’s diet to continue breastfeeding may be necessary.   With Sweet Baby we didn’t realize she had FPIES until she started solid foods.  It was her first time trying chicken when we were concerned about her having a possible allergy.  Once she reacted the same way to oats we knew it was something more than the flu or a virus and thanks to the power of the internet and BabyCenter I self-diagnosed Sweet Baby with FPIES.  I immediately called her doctor, joined FPIES facebook groups, and within a month of making an appointment at Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia we had a diagnosis. Our pediatrician had no clue what we were talking about, but thanks to the IAFFPE we were able to find the best doctors and so much information.

    What is FPIES | FPIES Explained
    My daughter only suffered with these issues for 2 months, but many other children suffer as do the parents not knowing what is wrong with their child.  Countless tests, doctors appointments, money, and time later they reach a diagnosis..   The most common triggers are milk, soy, rice, and oat.  Sweet Baby has three triggers so far.  Soy, Chicken, and Oats.

    Recently we did a rice trial and during that trial we were concerned an actual virus may have been a reaction instead.  We then learned that it was just a virus due to her blood work only having a little elevated of a white blood count.  In an Acute reaction blood tests will usually show an elevated white blood count with increased neutrophils and eosinophils, elevated platelet count, anemia (low red blood cell count) or low albumin may occur, particularly in chronic cases. In acute severe episodes, patients can develop methemoglobinemia.  There are other disorders that can cause the FPIES symptoms.. for example: GERD, (Gastrowaophageal Reflux Disease) Gastritis (stomach irritation) EoE, (eosinophilic esophagitis) and even EG/EGE (eosinophilic gastritis/gastroenteritis.  Seeing someone who is experienced in dealing with FPIES is crucial not only for diagnosis but also for overall treatment of your child’s food allergy.

    FPIES FACTS:

    • FPIES is possible with any food.
    • 60-90% of children affected by FPIES will outgrow it by the age of 3
    • Some children have FPIES continued into adulthood.
    • Acute reactions respond best with intravenous hydration, as well as Zofran through IV for vomiting
    • Trigger Food avoidance is the only treatment at this time
    • There is no cure for FPIES
    • More research needs to be done

    Acute:

    •  2-3 hours of ingestion
    • profuse vomiting, dry heaving, bile
    • lethargy, limpness
    • dehydration, low blood pressure
    • 20% go into “shock
    • 10% with methemoglobulinemia
    • 6 – 8 hours diarrhea
    • Congestion, cold like symptoms in days that follow including loose stools

    Chronic:

    • diarrhea
    • blood in stools with mucous
    • intermittent vomiting
    • poor growth, weightloss; failure to thrive
    • resolves about a week later once trigger food is avoided
    • sometimes extended gut rest is needed

    Finding safe foods for a child with FPIES is not the easiest task.  One food that may be safe for my child won’t be safe for another and vice versa.  The only way to find out if a food is safe or a trigger it needs to be trialed.  When we first started solids we were worried about allergies since my husband and I both suffer from food and seasonal allergies.  Our pediatrician was aware of this so we did what any other parent would do – took it slow!  We introduced foods like our pediatrician recommended, one new food every 3-4 days.  That’s when we knew something wasn’t right.. the allergies didn’t present like real allergies and that’s how we discovered Sweet baby had FPIES.

    Fun With Food

    Kay enjoyed playing with Enjoy Life Foods Chocolate Chips melted with a little of her safe yogurt.

    Food Trials:

    • can be done at home or in a hospital with doctor supervision (chronic cases are a little tricky in the hospital due to the reaction time.  Trigger food can be done in hospital for acute reaction, but once a certain amount of time has elapsed the child is sent home and communication with doctor is essential)
    • if done in hospital child will have IV placed for precaution
    • food should be slowly introduced, small amounts (we do 1 teaspoon and gradually increase)
    • be prepared for a fail, but positive for a success.

    I say be prepared meaning have everything ready if you need to rush to the ER.  The IAFFPE now know as I-FPIES has a great emergency letter should you need to explain your child’s FPIES reaction to the doctor in the ER.  Your child will get one from the doctor once they have a diagnosis as well.  Please refrain from using this if you have not reached a diagnosis of FPIES as this may not be the best course of treatment for your child.

    Trialing Known Triggers:

    This is a touchy subject and each medical professional will have a different opinion.  What I’ve realized is that there’s a WIDE range of opinion for everything about FPIES.  There needs to be more research.  That being said some doctors recommend re-trialing offending/trigger after 18-24 months, 12-24, some say 12 months after milk, and some say 6-8 months after soy.  There is no clear cut answer and your child’s doctor should involved in retrial of a trigger food.

    Who should be involved in your child’s treatment:

    Each child with FPIES has different needs, symptoms, and each of those are usually address by more than one specialty.

    • Allergist (key for diagnosis)
    • Gastroenterologist
    • Nutritionist
    • Pediatrician (always keep your child’s regular doctor updated)

    FPIES Conference

    IAFFPE 1st Annual FPIES Education Conference:

    I recently had the pleasure of attending IAFFPE (International Association for Food Protein Enterocolitis) 1st Annual FPIES Education Conference.  I learned a bit I didn’t already know and was really excited to be able to connect with other FPIES Families as well as hear all of the best FPIES doctors speak. I can’t wait to go again next year!! I hope to see more parents and really just spread the word about FPIES. This is an excellent chance for you to really hear all there is to know about FPIES. The most exciting part for me was the part about CHOP (Children’s Hospital of Philadephia) getting a new center just for Food Allergies!  This center should be starting in early 2014.  In the past, we have had to make separate appointments, different dates, and it was a big hassle since they were in the separate building to top it all off.  The goal is to have it all in one place.  Many families travel near and far to come to CHOP for a diagnosis for their child, and this will definitely make the burden a little less overwhelming.   They have big plans for this center from food trials, nutrition, food challenges, and of course treatment for your child.   All new visits are on average 1 1/2 – 2 hours – this really helps the doctor get to know your child and helps you find the best plan going forward.

    Learning to accept the fact your child has FPIES:

    Your child has a food allergy, not an infectious disease.   They can play, they can laugh, and they can most importantly live a healthy, happy,  normal life.  Yes, they will have to avoid trigger foods, but once you find out and weed through what they can and cannot have you’ve crossed the finish line so to speak.  I thought for months “how will I ever eat dinner with my child, will she get sick if she eats something?”  Yes, we eat dinner together!  Her plate may have different food, but we eat as a family.  If she gets sick from a new food we just avoid that food, add it to the list of triggers and move on.  It’s scary in the beginning and you really have to go through those emotional phases.  I was angry, upset, lost, and now I’ve accepted.  There’s nothing you can do except be the best advocate for your child.  Help them through this little hurdle, it may take a little time, but I promise you this, it will and does get easier.  The most important thing to remember is you’re not alone.

    Salmon FPIES

    We’re so excited to be adding food to our daughter’s diet.  Adding a new food to her Safe foods list is like opening a present on Christmas morning.  I do all I can to spread the word about FPIES in hopes to help others just like us.    You can also follow I-FPIES formerly know as IAFFPE on Twitter and Facebook for the most recent news and updates.

    This is not medical advice – this is from our experience with FPIES.  Please see a medical professional for diagnosis and treatment of FPIES.

    More FPIES

    • Can You Outgrow FPIES? Rare Food Allergy
    • Oat Free Quinoa Oatmeal Breakfast
    • Fish Chowder using Flounder
    • Chocolate Chip Scone, Cookies! | Soy Free

    POSTED IN: FPIES Parenting Sweet Baby

    About Courtney

    Family, Food, and Photography are Courtney's passions and you'll see all of that on this blog. She is happily married to her husband Chris and together they have two amazing kiddos!

    Reader Interactions

    Comments

    1. Theresa

      October 26, 2013 at 12:16 am

      *hugs.* You’re so strong and such a good mama to help your little one through this.

      Reply
    2. Ty @ Mama of 3 Munchkins

      October 26, 2013 at 1:35 am

      I would like to thank you so very much for sharing this information and I truly do hope it helps other parents who may be going through the same thing, You’re such a wonderful mother and I’m so glad you had the internet and other resources at your disposal to learn more about FPIES. And, its also great to hear that you’re gradually adding food to sweet baby’s diet. Good luck!

      Reply
    3. Leilani

      October 26, 2013 at 2:25 am

      I never heard of FPIES before you started sharing about it here. I’m sure other parents of children with FPIES will find you to be a great resource.

      Reply
    4. Sheri

      October 26, 2013 at 11:00 am

      Thank you for this information. I hadn’t heard of FPIES either and it’s something that parents should know about.

      Reply
    5. Stefanie

      October 26, 2013 at 9:23 pm

      Wow… I had no idea. I think every parent should be aware.

      Reply
    6. Robin Gagnon

      October 26, 2013 at 10:24 pm

      I had never heard of this until you discovered your daughter has this condition. Great work getting the word out. I’m sure you are saving many children from a lot of suffering by sharing your story.

      Reply
    7. Colleen

      October 26, 2013 at 11:08 pm

      I’m so glad so many kids out grow it. I hope she does so soon. You have done such a great job with her.

      Reply
    8. Vanessa: thequeenofswag

      October 26, 2013 at 11:24 pm

      Wow I had no idea about this. I’m so glad they can grow out of it.

      Reply
    9. Mickey

      October 26, 2013 at 11:33 pm

      That’s a lot of great information – thank you for sharing. I can’t imagine having to worry about all of that.

      Reply
    10. Mellisa

      October 27, 2013 at 11:14 am

      What a great mama you are to stay on top of your daughters symptoms and get her the help she needed. I hope the Salmon trial went well.

      Reply
    11. Penelope (NYC Blogger)

      October 27, 2013 at 12:49 pm

      She is so beautiful, I love how wonderfully you capture her! It’s so sad she has to deal with this, she is too tiny and sweet, it’s not fair 🙁 She is just as lucky to have you for a mama as you are to have this sweet angel to care for and protect.

      Reply
    12. Jenn

      October 27, 2013 at 3:03 pm

      I’d never heard of FPIES until you started blogging about it. Thanks for sharing your story and spreading awareness!

      Reply
    13. Lolo

      October 28, 2013 at 3:45 am

      I had never heard of this before you started talking about it, and now poor baby d has it too. I am so sorry she has to deal with this, you are such a great mom and advocate!

      Reply
    14. Tammy

      October 28, 2013 at 2:39 pm

      Wow so many things you have to be aware of with FPIES! I’m confident that you all will get Baby M full of foods she can eat safely, and educate other parents unaware of FPIES along the way.

      Reply
    15. Paula @ Frosted Fingers

      October 29, 2013 at 10:02 pm

      I’ve never heard of FPIES. David has had some kind of allergy to milk since he started drinking cow’s milk. He had NASTY diapers. It’s seemed to die down now. Every once in a while, though, he gets red dots all over his body. His sister is now getting them, too. It’s all very weird

      Reply
    16. Donna

      October 29, 2013 at 11:27 pm

      I’d never heard of FPIES before, either. Thank you for sharing your experiences with it… because I’m sure you are helping others.

      Reply
    17. Liz @ A Nut in a Nutshell

      October 29, 2013 at 11:29 pm

      I’m so glad you’ve connected with a community who are going through this as well. I hope you find many, many foods that won’t present a problem for your little girl!

      Reply
    18. Courtney

      October 31, 2013 at 9:52 am

      As a fellow FPIES mommy I know the excitement of finding new safe foods! It took my son 8 months of pain before we received his diagnosis and now that we know what he can eat and what he cant he is like a different boy! He spent most of his life in pain and discomfort but now he has more pain free days than pain days! I will continue to read about you journey!

      Reply
    19. Kelsey Apley

      October 31, 2013 at 1:12 pm

      Wow, I had never heard of this. Sounds rough for sure, but it is nice to see they can grow out of it. Accepting makes things easier, I have done that for my ulcerative colitis. It would be hard to see your child go through this.

      Reply
    20. Virginia @thatbaldchick

      October 31, 2013 at 2:57 pm

      While I had heard of FPIES prior to M being diagnosed, it isn’t widely talked about and I do appreciate you sharing your experiences. You are a beacon of hope for other parents dealing with FPIES and you should be proud!

      Reply
    21. HilLesha

      October 31, 2013 at 10:12 pm

      Awwww, poor thing! I honestly never heard of this allergy until you mentioned it on your blog.

      Reply
    22. Marcie W.

      November 01, 2013 at 9:05 pm

      With any disease, allergy, illness or disorder I think it’s so vital to educate yourself in order to become your child’s advocate. You’re such a great mama Courtney!

      Reply
    23. Shell Feis

      November 02, 2013 at 5:19 pm

      I can only imagine how scary it is trying new foods with her, and even scarier if she does have a reaction! I am really glad you were able to figure out what it was though so that you could find out how to deal with it.

      Reply
    24. Jenn

      November 02, 2013 at 9:06 pm

      This sounds so harsh! Thank you for explaining it all, I had no clue what you were dealing with!

      Reply
    25. Crystal @ Simply Being Mommy.com

      November 03, 2013 at 5:43 pm

      You are doing such a great job in doing everything you can to find out more about FPIES for your daughter. Y’alls case was the first I heard about it. Good luck at finding more foods Sweet Baby can eat.

      Reply
    26. http://www.Youtube.com

      November 06, 2013 at 3:36 pm

      Hmm is anyone else experiencing problems with the pictures on this blog loading?
      I’m trying to figure out if its a problem
      on my end or if it’s the blog. Any responses would be greatly appreciated.

      Reply
    27. psychsarah

      November 29, 2013 at 10:27 am

      Thank you for filling us in on this disorder. I wasn’t familiar with it.

      Reply
    28. Brenda Brown

      November 29, 2013 at 8:23 pm

      I have never heard of this till now! I am bookmarking this!

      Reply
    29. Barnolds Barnes

      November 30, 2013 at 3:11 pm

      I’m a paramedic and I’ve never heard of this. Thanks for sharing and I’m glad to see there’s a good chance kids grow out of it.

      Reply
    30. Beth Rees

      December 07, 2013 at 7:12 pm

      I had never heard about this before. Thank you for sharing the great information and it is interesting to hear that most kids can grow out of it by the time they are 3. Hopefully that will be the case for your family as well

      Reply
    31. Katy

      May 06, 2014 at 3:39 am

      What synchronicity! I just clicked on your e-mail newsletter to read a post and saw your FPIES button. This is just one hour after an episode (of what we think is FPIES) in our 5 month old daughter. It started with rice cereal and we are just figuring out its probably a food reaction. She vomits violently almost exactly 2 hours after eating.

      Thank you so much for the information. We see her pediatrician this week.

      I have EE / EG (eosinophilic enteritis AKA eosinophilic gastritis) and I really hope she doesn’t have it. She also has Excema.

      I just want to know what is wrong with her and treat it. It kills me seeing her suffer. I’m so glad your baby is doing well.

      Reply
    32. Renee Smith

      August 06, 2014 at 6:17 am

      I’ve been a mom for almost 25 years and I have never heard of FPIES. Thank you so much for this informative article. I will surely pass it on to my other mommy friends.

      Reply
    33. Tracy Smith

      August 06, 2014 at 4:27 pm

      Thank you for this! I stumbled upon your facebook page (not related to FPIES) and it just so happened to be the day you posted something about FPIES. My daughter who will be 2 in a few weeks was diagnosed with this after about 6 months of wondering why her growth halted. She is now dairy free (her only trigger thankfully) and it was hard even getting some family members on board. We were pretty lucky that once her ped recommended we see an allergist she was quick to diagnose and has helped tremendously. So happy I found your page! I will be sharing it regularly!

      Reply
      • Courtney

        February 20, 2015 at 9:33 pm

        So glad that you caught it early and that she only has one trigger! That’s awesome – hopefully she outgrows it or already has 🙂

    34. Karen

      February 17, 2015 at 11:16 pm

      Hi Cortney-my 9 month old Grandaughter was recently diagnosed with FPIES. We are in NY on Long Island, if you know of any Drs that might specialize in FPIES, or any support groups etc. you might know of would be great. Thank you
      Karen

      Reply
      • Courtney

        February 20, 2015 at 9:35 pm

        Hi Karen!

        I’d be more than happy to help you – I have a few doctors that I can recommend as well as facebook groups. I hope you’re granddaughter is doing well! Sending you an email now.

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